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Inflation is described as a persistent rise in price levels that reduces the purchasing power of money. It can be measured by indexes such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the Wholesale Price Index, which track the average price change of a basket of goods and services over time. The sources identify three main types—demand‑pull, cost‑push, and built‑in—and note that factors like increased money supply, supply bottlenecks, and wage‑price expectations can drive inflation, while central banks may intervene to manage money supply and keep inflation within target ranges.
Inflation reflects a broad increase in prices, meaning a unit of currency buys fewer goods and services than before.
The most common inflation measures are the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices in the euro area.
Demand‑pull, cost‑push, and built‑in inflation describe different mechanisms that can cause price rises.
Central banks typically adjust money supply and credit conditions to control inflation.
High inflation can erode purchasing power and slow economic growth, while low inflation indicates slower price increases.
It represents the average price increase of a selected basket of goods and services over one year, expressed as a percentage.
Euro area inflation is measured by the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices, which tracks price changes of a representative basket of household consumption.
The three types are demand‑pull inflation, cost‑push inflation, and built‑in inflation, each driven by different economic dynamics.
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